This method is used for bananas and papaya. Figure 18. 1981 (publication date not given). Gradually, the wild flies can only find sterile flies to mate, the wild population is eradicated. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered one of the most important pests for citrus fruits. Figure 21. A female medfly will lay one to 10 eggs in an egg cavity 1 mm deep, may lay as many as 22 eggs per day, and may lay as many as 800 eggs during her lifetime (usually about 300). Ther is a wide brownish yellow band across the middle of the wing. Wing of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). White or taking on the color of the food it ingests. Oxon, UK. Field guide to medfly infestation. The scutellum is inflated and shiny black. Christenson LD, Foote RH. Entomological Society of America. United States Deptartment of Agriculture, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Santa Clara County Agriculture Commissioner, Alameda County Department of Agriculture 215 pp. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1999): Africa: Algeria, Angola, Berin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Keyna, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malwai, Mali, Maritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Central American and Caribbean: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Europe: Albania, Azores, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Corsica, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Maderia Islands, Portugal, southern Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Yugoslavia, South American: Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. Fruit Stripping: Fruit will be stripped from all host trees on a known larval properties and within 200 meters (656 feet). Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 363-374. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. Figure 19. The females can be separated from most other species by the characteristic yellow wing pattern and the apical half of the scutellum being entirely black (White and Elson-Harris 1994). Reproduced from the series 'Plant Resources of South-East Asia', by kind permission of the PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. At first tunnels are formed by the feeding larvae. The apex of the wing's anal cell is elongate. Larvae burrow into the pulp of developing fruit and leave through a large exit hole. Mexican Fruit Fly (MFF): Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Order - Diptera: Family - Tephritidae. The supposed supernumerary lateral papillules of the caudal end, noted by Phillips (1946), are not usually evident in specimens or at most represent only slight plate elevations on the very lateral edge dorsal to L1. The female's extended ovipositor is 1.2 mm long. If you have any questions, please call the toll-free Mediterranean fruit fly helpline at 1-888-397-1517. Scientific Name: Common Name: 1: Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) Guava fruit fly: 2: B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) Melon fly: 3: B. dorsalis (Hendel) Oriental fruit fly: 4: B. tsuneonis (Miyake) Japanese orange fly: 5: B.zonata (Saunders) Peach fruit fly : 3. The buccal carinae number nine to 10. Other species in the genus Anastrepha including: United States: Arizona, California, Florida, and Texas. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Harvest early before the fruit is susceptible to fruit fly attack. A female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), pumps eggs through her ovipositor into the soft outer layers of a ripe coffee berry. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 71(3):257-261. A primary method of collecting larvae is by cutting infested fruit. United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Plant Pest Report 1: 117-118. Dorsocentral bristles are anterior of the halfway point between supraalar and acrostichal bristles. Although it may be a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. Photograph by Peggy Greb, USDA; www.forestryimages.org. Over 200 fruits and vegetables are hosts in 49 flowering families. Males often show sexual activity four days after emergence, and copulation has been observed five days after emergence. 1915. Head is to the left. The adult guava fruit fly (GFF) is about the size of a housefly, 5 millimeters (mm) in length. J.A.L. Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Featured creatures fact sheet: Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae). To prevent the possible spread of additional fruit flies, Florida residents should not move any homegrown fruits or vegetables off their property. Yasuda T, Narahara M, Tanaka S, Wakamura S, 1994. These are shorter at the head end, and lengthen progressively towards the rear end. DIAGNOSIS . In Florida, the FDACS-Division of Plant Industry will cooperate with USDA-APHIS in regulating the actions of both commercial entities and homeowners. 1994. 1949. There are dark streaks and spots in middle of wing cells in and anterior to anal cell. The pharyngeal skeleton is distinctive in overall configuration, particularly the enlarged subhypostomium of the hypostomium (posterior to each mouth hook). Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry; www.forestryimages.org. from all other species of Tephritidae occurring in Australia. It causes the fruit to turn yellow and drop early. Medflies often share regurgitated food. Hardy DE. The thorax of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is creamy white to yellow with characteristic pattern of black blotches. The fly is as big as housefly. The older version of the trap used a protein bait that captured large numbers of non-target insects. Usually about 50% of the flies die during the first two months after emergence. Figure 14. Ceratitis. Attached is a world list of hosts grouped according to their importance according to best available information. Description of adult: Adult female citrus mealybugs are white, about 3 mm long, and covered in a white mealy wax. Host preferences vary in different regions. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 81-205. name(s) Image Taxonomic name/constituents Notes Amanatsu: Citrus natsudaidai: Yellowish-orange in colour, about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. There are 18 pairs of short waxy filaments around the margin of the body. There is a wide brownish yellow band across middle of wing. In the pupal stage, the males can be irradiated to render them sexually sterile (USDA 2000). Fully grown larvae, when the surrounding air temperature is warm, flex and "jump" repeatedly as much as 25 mm when removed from fruit. Our fruit family list shows the relationships between a wide range of common fruits along with their latin botanical names. The anterior buccal carinae are usually nine to 10 in number. The Problem. C. capitata . And one of the most insidious is the Queensland fruit fly (which despite its name, is active well beyond Queensland). Life history of the Mediterranean fruit fly from the standpoint of parasite introduction. There are usually nine to 10 tubules, although there may be seven to 11. Larvae burrow into interior of the fruit to feed on the pulp for 3 - 4 weeks. Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry; www.forestryimage.org. Light areas have very fine white bristles. The anterior spiracles have the tubule edge relatively straight dorsally and the tubule number usually is nine to 10, although it can be from seven to 11. Its larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Figure 16. Common Name. Some countries maintain quarantines against the medfly, which could jeopardize some fresh fruit markets if it should become established in Florida. Nectarines can come under attack . 1977. ADDucation’s fruit family list includes some fruits which are commonly believed to be vegetables (avocados, gourds and nightshades) and Rhubarb which is commonly believed to be a fruit but is a vegetable. 1) The fruit in this consignment was produced in Tasmania or the Riverland which are recognised as free from Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). Figure 10. Spraying will take place in the core area of a positive find and extend out 1-1/2 miles. The hypostomium has prominent, rounded subhypostomium; post-hypostomial plates curved dorsally to the dorsal bridge, fused with sclerotized rays of central area of dorsal wing plate. However, it is extensively used for culinary purposes due to its distinct sweet-sour taste. The parastomium is prominent. The micropylar region is distinctly tubercular. Figure 23. The species of economic importance are: (i) Bactrocera facialis (except the Niuas); (ii) Pacific fruit fly (Bactrocera xanthodes), (iii) Bactrocera kirki; (iv) Bactrocera species near passiflorae (Niuas only); and (v) Bactrocera distincta. Pictorial key to fruit fly larvae of the family Tephritidae. Thank you for your cooperation in the eradication of Mediterranean fruit fly. (http://www.caripestnetwork.org/vtt/docs/datasheets/diptera/anastrepha_ludens.pdf). The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Photograph by Ken Walker, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; www.forestryimages.org. University of Florida. Sutton, Division of Plant Industry. Mediterranean fruit fly. Scientific name: Planococcus citri . The length of time required for the medfly to complete its life cycle under typical Florida summer weather conditions, and on which eradication schedules in Florida are based, is 21 to 30 days. The features of the larvae of C. capitata, as noted in the description, are variable to some degree as indicated. San Salvador: Organ. Ripe fruit is likely to be more juicy, and such fruits often are associated with a high mortality of eggs and young larvae. The adults are slightly smaller than a house fly and have picture wings typical of fruit flies. Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry. 1976. The improved version of the McPhail trap uses a combination of three chemicals to attract male and female fruit flies. Heppner JB. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Back EA, Pemberton CE. White IM, Elson-Harris MM. Lateral view of adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Most previous illustrations of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of the species have not shown the pharyngeal plate hood, and details of the illustrations also vary among themselves (see Greene 1929, Phillips 1946). Journal of Agricultural Research 38: 489-504. Larval identification is extremely difficult, so that when feasible it is best to rear them to adults for identification. In some of the Mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late season fruits are too heavily infested to be marketable. Development in egg, larval, and pupal stages stops at 50°F (10°C). Life cycle of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from left to right: adult, pupa, larva and eggs. Not be attacked in the United States: Arizona, California, Berkeley but migrated. Queensland ) which despite its name, is active well beyond Queensland ) larva the! 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