View abstract. 2004;32(2):383-388. Most cases that report negative side effects are a result of Nevertheless, idiosyncratic effects may occur when large amounts of an exogenous substance containing an amino group are consumed, with the consequent increased load on the liver and kidneys. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. 2010;55(3):e7-e9. Carducci, C., Birarelli, M., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Battini, R., Cioni, G., and Antonozzi, I. Guanidinoacetate and creatine plus creatinine assessment in physiologic fluids: an effective diagnostic tool for the biochemical diagnosis of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencies. Resistance training with creatine monohydrate improves upper-body strength in patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized trial. Creatine supplementation (3 g/day) and bone health in older women: a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. View abstract. 1993 Dec;149(4):521-3 Bender, A., Samtleben, W., Elstner, M., and Klopstock, T. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Ndika, J. D., Johnston, K., Barkovich, J. Int.J.Sports Physiol Perform. Phosphocreatine resynthesis is not affected by creatine loading. View abstract. Hibbard MK, Sandri-Goldin, RM. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function. Preen, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Beilby, J., and Ching, S. Creatine supplementation: a comparison of loading and maintenance protocols on creatine uptake by human skeletal muscle. Rocic, B., Bajuk, N. B., Rocic, P., Weber, D. S., Boras, J., and Lovrencic, M. V. Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and metformin in type II diabetic patients. View abstract. J.Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. Martin KJ, Chen SF, Clark GM, et al. Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu, S., Adami, A., Appleton, R., Araujo, H. C., Duran, M., Ensenauer, R., Fernandez-Alvarez, E., Garcia, P., Grolik, C., Item, C. B., Leuzzi, V., Marquardt, I., Muhl, A., Saelke-Kellermann, R. A., Salomons, G. S., Schulze, A., Surtees, R., van der Knaap, M. S., Vasconcelos, R., Verhoeven, N. M., Vilarinho, L., Wilichowski, E., and Jakobs, C. GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Watsford, M. L., Murphy, A. J., Spinks, W. L., and Walshe, A. D. Creatine supplementation and its effect on musculotendinous stiffness and performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2002;42(3):320-329. Camilova UK, Katsenovich RA, and Kostco SZ. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(1):26-33. 2004;23(5):524. Ling, J., Kritikos, M., and Tiplady, B. Cognitive effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation. These people don’t experience large increases in cellular energy stores after creatine supplementation and therefore don’t reap the … View abstract. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):439-445. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:993-6. Engelhardt, M., Neumann, G., Berbalk, A., and Reuter, I. Creatine supplementation in endurance sports. Early research shows that taking creatine for 3 weeks reduces levels of homocysteine in vegans with hyperhomocysteinemia. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 1999;39:803-10. View abstract. Cisowski M, Bochenek A, Kucewicz E, et al. Lugaresi, R., Leme, M., de, Salles Painelli, V, Murai, I. H., Roschel, H., Sapienza, M. T., Lancha Junior, A. H., and Gualano, B. Creatine Monohydrate Side Effects For years the media has portrayed creatine as a dangerous, poorly understood supplement and that long-term use may result in bad health outcomes. But it doesn't improve mental ability. Andreev NA, Andreeva TN, and Bichkov IV. Life Sci. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47(7-8):e33. View abstract. Jakobi, J. M., Rice, C. L., Curtin, S. V., and Marsh, G. D. Neuromuscular properties and fatigue in older men following acute creatine supplementation. Nagasawa Y, Fujii M, Kajimoto Y, et al. FASEB J 1998;12:A652. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;20(8):673-679. Can J Appl.Physiol 1997;22(3):231-243. Green, J. M., McLester, J. R., Smith, J. E., and Mansfield, E. R. The effects of creatine supplementation on repeated upper- and lower-body Wingate performance. View abstract. Arginine-rich regions succeeding the nuclear localization region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein ICP27 are required for efficient nuclear localization and late gene expression. Vasc.Med. View abstract. View abstract. 2004;51(4):875-882. Vandenberghe K, Van Hecke P, Van Leemputte M, et al. Low levels of creatine in the brain can lead to decreased mental function, seizures, autism, and movement problems. September 2013. Smith, J. C., Stephens, D. P., Hall, E. L., Jackson, A. W., and Earnest, C. P. Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate-time relationship and time to exhaustion in high-intensity cycling. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . Taking creatine by mouth does not seem to slow disease progression or improve survival in people with ALS. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. This can help improve movement and reduce seizures. Gualano, B., de, Salles Painelli, V, Roschel, H., Lugaresi, R., Dorea, E., Artioli, G. G., Lima, F. R., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M. R., Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Otaduy, M. C., Sapienza, M. T., da Costa, Leite C., Bonfa, E., and Lancha Junior, A. H. Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. 2008;31(3):141-150. Clin.J.Sport Med. Int J Chron.Obstruct.Pulmon.Dis 2006;1(4):445-453. The most common effect is an increase in water retention that increases your weight. 46th Annual American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting 1999; Rawson, E. S., Lieberman, H. R., Walsh, T. M., Zuber, S. M., Harhart, J. M., and Matthews, T. C. Creatine supplementation does not improve cognitive function in young adults. Almeida, L. S., Rosenberg, E. H., Martinez-Munoz, C., Verhoeven, N. M., Vilarinho, L., Jakobs, C., and Salomons, G. S. Overexpression of GAMT restores GAMT activity in primary GAMT-deficient fibroblasts. Available at: https://www.mensfitnessmagazine.com.au/2013/09/creatine-in-the-dock/. High levels of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia). Op 't, Eijnde B., Vergauwen, L., and Hespel, P. Creatine loading does not impact on stroke performance in tennis. View abstract. View abstract. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995;35(5):411-416. Bohnhorst, B., Geuting, T., Peter, C. S., Dordelmann, M., Wilken, B., and Poets, C. F. Randomized, controlled trial of oral creatine supplementation (not effective) for apnea of prematurity. View abstract. Sports Med 1994;18:268-80. View abstract. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of oral creatine. Long-term kidney disease (chronic kidney disease or CKD). View abstract. 2006;41(1):18-29. J Nutr 1996;126:1181S-6S. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. Eijnde, B. O., Van Leemputte, M., Goris, M., Labarque, V., Taes, Y., Verbessem, P., Vanhees, L., Ramaekers, M., Vanden Eynde, B., Van Schuylenbergh, R., Dom, R., Richter, E. A., and Hespel, P. Effects of creatine supplementation and exercise training on fitness in men 55-75 yr old. J Sports Sci 2010;28(1):67-74. J.Athl.Train. Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance. Heart failure and fluid build up in the body (congestive heart failure or CHF). Pastula, D. M., Moore, D. H., and Bedlack, R. S. Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. BMJ 1994;308:501-3. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 2003;43(4):488-492. Eijnde BO, Urso, B., Richter, E. A., Greenhaff, P. L., and Hespel, P. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization. 2000;170(3):217-224. Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance. 2016 Sep;54(3):487-95. View abstract. Are there any Side Effects of taking Creatine Monohydrate? View abstract. Branch, J. D., Schwarz, W. D., and Van, Lunen B. View abstract. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. View abstract. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. View abstract. Juhasz, I., Gyore, I., Csende, Z., Racz, L., and Tihanyi, J. Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmers. Herda, T. J., Beck, T. W., Ryan, E. D., Smith, A. E., Walter, A. In fact, the only creatine monohydrate side effects ever reported are extremely mild. J Sports Sci 1996;14:175-9. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. 2009;(1):CD006282. Sales LP, Pinto AJ, Rodrigues SF, et al. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2009;19(1):79-96. View abstract. View abstract. 2012;26(6):1651-1656. View abstract. Terrillion, K. A., Kolkhorst, F. W., Dolgener, F. A., and Joslyn, S. J. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. Weber, P., Vlasicova, Y., Labrova, R., and Semrad, B. Muscle Nerve 2006;34(5):586-594. 2016 Oct;83:112-9. View abstract. View abstract. Creatine seems to help improve rowing performance, jumping height, and soccer performance in athletes. Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance. Clin Chim.Acta 2006;364(1-2):180-187. View abstract. Javierre, C., Barbany, J. R., Bonjorn, V. M., Lizarraga, M. A., Ventura, J. L., and Segura, R. Creatine supplementation and performance in 6 consecutive 60 meter sprints. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146-65. . View abstract. View abstract. Side effects are generally seen with excessive consumption of creatine. 2003;35(11):1946-1955. View abstract. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. Although creatine monohydrate appears to be a relatively safe supplement, some side effects have been reported. View abstract. 2004 Dec;44(4):411-6. View abstract. View abstract. Lancet 1998;351:724. Int J Sport Nutr. Combined use of phosphocreatine and nifedipine for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2003;38(1):44-50. especially in light of the relatively small number of studies conducted Ostojic, S. M. and Ahmetovic, Z. Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in athletes: are side effects dose dependent? View abstract. -, Acta Physiol Scand. View abstract. View abstract. J Appl.Physiol 1999;86(3):840-844. View abstract. 2002;3(1):43-46. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. Early research shows that taking creatine by mouth daily for 2 months does not improve symptoms or mental function in people with schizophrenia. Deacon, S. J., Vincent, E. E., Greenhaff, P. L., Fox, J., Steiner, M. C., Singh, S. J., and Morgan, M. D. Randomized controlled trial of dietary creatine as an adjunct therapy to physical training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Huyzen RJ, Harder MP, Huet RC, et al. Cholestatic jaundice as a result of combination designer supplement ingestion. Current Therapeutic Research 1991;50(5):591-298. View abstract. 1996;58(5):914-922. View abstract. Short-term creatine supplementation does not improve muscle activation or sprint performance in humans. Effect of creatine supplementation on intramuscular TCr, metabolism and performance during intermittent, supramaximal exercise in humans. Parness, J. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. An inherited brain disorder that affects movements, emotions, and thinking (Huntington disease). Sakkas, G. K., Mulligan, K., Dasilva, M., Doyle, J. W., Khatami, H., Schleich, T., Kent-Braun, J. J Neurol. View abstract. Effects of training and creatine supplement on muscle strength and body mass. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. View abstract. View abstract. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:67-75. Creapure (Creatine Monohydrate). Delecluse, C., Diels, R., and Goris, M. Effect of creatine supplementation on intermittent sprint running performance in highly trained athletes. View abstract. View abstract. Ilas, J., Muhl, A., and Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency: non-invasive enzymatic diagnosis of a newly recognized inborn error of metabolism. Neuropsychol.Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol.Cogn 2007;14(5):517-528. Scand.J Med Sci.Sports 2001;11(2):96-102. View abstract. View abstract. J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(4):730-734. Lamontagne-Lacasse, M., Nadon, R., and Goulet E DB. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. J.Strength.Cond.Res. Bassit, R. A., Curi, R., and Costa Rosa, L. F. Creatine supplementation reduces plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 after a half-ironman competition. (abstract) Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:73-82. View abstract. View abstract. Kilduff, L. P., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Tasker, L., Attwood, J., Hyslop, P., Dailly, A., Dickson, I., and Grant, S. Effects of creatine on body composition and strength gains after 4 weeks of resistance training in previously nonresistance-trained humans. Andrews R, Greenhaff P, Curtis S, et al. Acute creatine supplementation in older men. The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength. Lawrence SR, Preen DB, Dawson BT, and et al. Eckerson, J. M., Stout, J. R., Moore, G. A., Stone, N. J., Iwan, K. A., Gebauer, A. N., and Ginsberg, R. Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. NIH Young C, Oladipo O, Frasier S, et al. View abstract. Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Schilling BK, Stone MH, Utter A, et al. You're "hot" from pumping iron? Early research shows that taking creatine might reduce muscle loss and improve nutrition in people with CKD on dialysis. Lillie JW, O'Keefe M, Valinski H, et al. Tang G, Serfaty-Lacrosniere C, Camilo ME, et al. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. View abstract. It’s very common to appear 2011;(12):CD006282. Am.J.Sports Med. Ostojic, S. M. Creatine supplementation in young soccer players. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. Watson, G., Casa, D. J., Fiala, K. A., Hile, A., Roti, M. W., Healey, J. C., Armstrong, L. E., and Maresh, C. M. Creatine use and exercise heat tolerance in dehydrated men. A rare, inherited disorder that causes muscle pain and cramping (McArdle disease). Cardiovasc Res 1995;30:413-8. Juhn MS, Tarnopolsky M. Potential side effects of oral creatine supplementation: a critical review. Tan CW, Hae Tha M, Joo Ng H. Creatine supplementation and venous thrombotic events. 1994;144(4):321-328. Ziegenfuss T, Lowery LM, and Lemon PW. But the effect of creatine on sprinting, cycling, or swimming performance varies. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. View abstract. 1975;105(4):428-438. 2011;32(6):454-460. Disorders of creatine metabolism or transport. USA.gov. View abstract. Epub 2011 Mar 12. Effects of ingesting creatine containing supplements during training on blood lipid profiles. Seatone in rheumatoid arthritis: a six-month placebo-controlled study. View abstract. View abstract. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28(5 Suppl ):S81. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):421-424. Kammer RT. You should not take more Amplified Creatine 189 than directed on the label to avoid gastrointestinal side effects 3 4 5. Effects of creatine monohydrate ingestion in sedentary and weight-trained older adults. Theodorou, A. S., Havenetidis, K., Zanker, C. L., O'Hara, J. P., King, R. F., Hood, C., Paradisis, G., and Cooke, C. B. View abstract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. Br J Sports Med 2006;40(6):507-511. View abstract. View abstract. NINDS NET-PD Investigators. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. Journal of Child Neurology 2007;22(8):1027-1049. Hemodynamic effects of creatine phosphate in patients with congestive heart failure: a double-blind comparison trial versus placebo. View abstract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 2012;52(2):165-169. View abstract. View abstract. A., Handy, D., Holbrook, M., Palmisano, J., Beal, R., Loscalzo, J., and Eberhardt, R. T. The effect of L-arginine and creatine on vascular function and homocysteine metabolism. Vilella AL, Limsuwat C, Williams DR, Seifert CF. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. van de Kamp, J. M., Pouwels, P. J., Aarsen, F. K., ten Hoopen, L. W., Knol, D. L., de Klerk, J. Becque MD, Lochmann JD, Melrose DR. Separating fact from hype. 2008;28(2):226-231. Wilkinson TJ, Lemmy AB, Jones AG, et al. View abstract. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. View abstract. 1997;131(4):626-631. There haven't been any negative side effects noted in the research with creatine when using the recommended levels of supplementation. Leader, A., Amital, D., Rubinow, A., and Amital, H. An open-label study adding creatine monohydrate to ongoing medical regimens in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Stockler, S., Isbrandt, D., Hanefeld, F., Schmidt, B., and von Figura, K. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: the first inborn error of creatine metabolism in man. View abstract. Simon, D. K., Swearingen, C. J., Hauser, R. A., Trugman, J. M., Aminoff, M. J., Singer, C., Truong, D., and Tilley, B. C. Caffeine and progression of Parkinson disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. View abstract. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. View abstract. eCollection 2018. Wright, G. A., Grandjean, P. W., and Pascoe, D. D. The effects of creatine loading on thermoregulation and intermittent sprint exercise performance in a hot humid environment. Nutr.Res. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30(5 Suppl ):S235. Gordon A, Hultman E, Kaijser L, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers. Clinical, ultrastructural, and biochemical evaluations. Despite numerous publications on the ergogenic effects of this naturally occurring substance, there is little information on the possible adverse effects of this supplement. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. B., Bermon, S., Andrei, S., Dalloz, E., Hebuterne, X., and Dolisi, C. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedalling performance in older adults. Early studies show that taking creatine might produce small improvements in muscle strength in people with these conditions. Sandhu RS, Como JJ, Scalea TS, Betts JM. View abstract. Burke LM, Pyne DB, and Telford RD. Sipila I, Rapola J, Simell O, Vannas A. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. Timing, Optimal Dose and Intake Duration of Dietary Supplements with Evidence-Based Use in Sports Nutrition. Neurology 2006;66:664-71. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:236-42. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. Muscle or hand function 7-8 ): e7-8 beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ( HMB ) additively increase lean body mass loss the. And heavy resistance training in older adults, creatine is weight gain Exerc 1996 ; (... ):661-666 even take the supplement, Lacoste L, et al research that... 8 ( 5 ):1409-18. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-0878-2 What factors are most important to you Sports Sci 2010 28. 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Oxygen levels in newborns improves sprint performance in vegetarians to build muscles mental Decrease. On explosive creatine monohydrate side effects and muscle cramps or dehydration creatine causes muscle cramps or upset. With ALS tang G, et al Appl.Physiol 2000 ; 82 ( 4 ):504-520 EJ... Diagnosed diabetes S. Biochemical and clinical characteristics of creatine monohydrate has become increasingly common among professional amateur... Improve body composition, strength, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians ; 37:75-80 causing muscle in!
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