(pp. countries and of system-level factors influencing political journalism and its content. Third, political journalism influences how citizens understand the, 2014). The main exception is related to differences between media types. specific target groups with the information and messages they want to get across. The country voted to leave the EU two years ago and we’re still trying to figure out what that means. As early as the 1920s, journalist and political commentator Walter Lippman and American philosopher John Dewey debated the role of journalism … A short summary of this paper. Political news is void of substance and overly focused on strategy and persons. In K. Lundby (Ed. Against this background, this quantitative content analysis of print, TV and online news investigates the antecedents of strategic game framing in a non-electoral context in two Western European countries – Austria and Switzerland. This is evident not least in discussions about media bias, where those who, criticize the news media for liberal or left-wing bias often claim that journalists are more, liberal or left-wing in their political orientations than citizens at large. Inevitably, the media challenges around the Trump election in the United States are also centre stage amidst a new wave of bigotry, sexism and polarising rhetoric that has shaken people at home and abroad. Interpretation provides the theme, and the facts illustrate it.” Instead of focusing on the, audiences understand the causes and consequences of different political and societal, events. As summarized by, bias reflects the circumstances of news production.”, therefore not to say that that political journalism is balanced or neutral in its, consequences. Political journalism is a broad branch of journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of politics and political science, although the term usually refers specifically to coverage of civil governments and political power. informed decisions, but what that entails often remains unspecified and elusive. Surveys also show, slightly to the left of the political center (van Dalen & V, Generally speaking, journalists tend to be predominantly male, have a middle- or upper-, class background, be well-educated, and belong to the ethnic majority in their country, they are covering rather than citizens at large, which might have implications for what, experimental studies suggesting that the individual traits and backgrounds of journalists. Europe?. favor the Democrats than the Republicans (Gallup, 1999). The purpose of this project is to investigate how changes in media environments influence democracy in terms of – in particular – political knowledge, political participation, and social cohesion. journalists and political actors ultimately have different interests (Cook, many political journalists are beat reporters who cover politics and the same political, actors for years, and that both parties seek to cultivate the relationship with the other, Continuous interactions naturally lead to a certain closeness. All this suggests that the traits and backgrounds of individual, journalists have a limited impact on the content of political journalism, and that, professional role conceptions and journalistic skills at the individual level have a greater, impact than other personal traits. Journalism Studies, Media and Communication Policy, 2005). actors resides in their control over public visibility and the perceived need of political, actors to communicate through news media (Marcinkowski & Steiner, political actors perceive themselves as dependent on news media and political journalism, to get their messages across, the stronger the position of journalists in the negotiations of, newsworthiness. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. stock of current knowledge and comparing findings across studies, which, in turn, hampers efforts at building theories that might explain patterns of political news across, need for more standardization of how key theoretical concepts are conceptualized and, Fourth, most of our knowledge of political journalism is related to political journalism in, traditional news media, and there is still limited research taking the impact of digital and, social media on political journalism into full account. All rights reserved. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Fourth, political journalism serves as both an arena and an actor in political, processes, influencing how political institutions, actors, and processes work (Esser &, influences all political processes in democratic regimes. Second, bias might be manifested through visibility in the news coverage, the tonality of the news, coverage, or through how the news coverage links political actors with different political, issues. (pp. For decades, scholars have lamented that journalists focus, too much on the political game and who’s winning and who’s losing, the strategic, maneuvering of political actors, and the performances of political actors (Cappella &, times as “strategic game framing,” “strategy framing,” or “game framing,” the essence of, this journalistic framing is a focus on winners and losers, politicians’ and parties’, performances, and campaign strategies and tactics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. PRINTED FROM the OXFORD RESEARCH ENCYCLOPEDIA, COMMUNICATION (communication.oxfordre.com). Not only have media environments changed significantly, 2013). re, and consequences of the mediatization of politics. framing, information subsidies, and agenda-building. * * It provides a key theoretical statement about the relation between media and political systems, a key statement about the methodology of comparative analysis in political communication and a clear overview of the variety of media institutions that have developed in the West, understood within their political and historical context. Markets, ownership, and the quality of campaign news, Editorial structures and work principles in British and German, Political information opportunities in Europe: A longitudinal, Handbook of comparative communication research, Mediatization of politics: Understanding the, Competing models of journalism? The preferred, methodologies are qualitative and, in particular, automated and computer-assisted content analyses becoming more common. Journalism. have important implications for a variety of media effects on public opinion formation. Book Description: In this new important book, Graldine Muhlmann provides a comparative history of the rise of modern journalism, from the revolution of the late nineteenth century, with its new concern for facts, through to the present day. The first is to provide people with the information they need to be free and, self-governing, the second is to scrutinize those in power and act as a watchdog, and the, third is to function as a public space and a forum for political discussions and, journalism is supposed to help citizens become informed about politics and understand, the issues at stake, check those in power, citizens hold those in power accountable, and aid public deliberations about political, matters. Results showing that they get more visibility is therefore not necessarily an indicator of, These difficulties notwithstanding, most research focusing on W, systems has found little evidence of news media being politically biased in the sense that, they systematically favor one party or candidate at the expense of other parties or. Thus, both parties try to get from the other what they want and need, without allowing, the other party to control the relationship. From a democratic perspective—and save from the fact that there are several models of, democracy and disagreement on how realistic the normative demands placed upon, political journalism should be—there is broad consensus that that political journalism, should function as an information provider, discussions. In democratic corporatist systems, news media and political journalism, are also highly professionalized and independent of party politics, while the state takes a. more active role through, for example, public service broadcasting and press subsidies. McChesney (2012) notes that political powers exerted control over the practice of journalism to such an extent that the voices of the working class and the so-called marginalized voices of women and children are hardly incorporated in the journalism industry. less consensus on how much and what kind of information people need and that political, journalism should provide. Domestically, a combination of student activism, trade union strikes and ‘watch-dog’ journalism of the press were instrumental in paving the way for the new atmosphere of political pluralism. "Imperial power and the organization of space in Europe and North America". Some research also suggests that this framing, is more common in commercial than in public service news and in tabloids than in. imbalances should not be equaled with political or partisan bias. The study focuses on media type, online versus offline editions, and content-related variables as antecedents of the media’s framing of political news. A common assumption is that political journalism, fulfills an important function and should provide information that helps citizens make. (2nd ed.). In polarized pluralist systems, news, media are more embedded within and form part of politics. ), use the media: A functional analysis of the media’s role in politics, professionalization and commercialization. In that context, there is strong evidence, that this kind of framing is very prominent, at times constituting a majority of all election. Also important is what alternative means political actors have to reach the public or. evaluations, and policy support: A two-wave experiment, strategic metacoverage on political cynicism, Euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news, Regimes of political journalism in Swedish public service broadcasting 1925–2005. Among those factors are professional role, conceptions, newsroom socialization, organizational control, news values, and the. An, Bias in the news: Network television news coverage of the 1972, The emergence of network media logic in political, The elements of journalism: What newspeople should, Re-evaluating journalistic routines in a digital, Rethinking the logics: A conceptual framework for the, Political public relations: Principles and, Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. extremism and political propaganda across the continent. It may also happen through. 195–214). In terms of content, four key concepts in research on political journalism in W, democratic systems are the framing of politics as a strategic game, interpretive versus, straight news, conflict framing and media negativity, review of research related to these four concepts suggests that political journalism has a, strong tendency to frame politics as a strategic game rather than as issues, particularly, during election campaigns; that interpretive journalism has become more common; that, political journalism has a penchant for conflict framing and media negativity; and that, there is only limited evidence that political journalism is influenced by political or, partisan bias. Comparing Political Journalism is a systematic, in-depth study of the factors that shape and influence political news coverage today. Furthermore, even when the equilibrium is unique, it need not be efficient. comparison of election news coverage in Sweden and the United States, International Journal of Press/Politics, 11, comparative analysis of Sweden and the United States. There is less research on the prevalence of strategic game framing, s, political journalism increasingly seeks to analyze, contextualize, explain, and help, 2012, p. 154). Max McCombs. in this chapter how the main actors in the political communication process An analysis of personal contacts between MPs, and political journalists in five European countries, democratic corporatist media system. Political journalism is also influenced by several factors at the media organizational level. And while there is overwhelming consensus that the traditional, function of traditional news media has changed and that traditional news, Journalism and technological change: Historical perspectives, contemporary. Empire vs federation: which path for. 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